Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD), also known as "खुरपका मुँहपका रोग," is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and pigs. It causes economic losses to livestock farmers, particularly impacting dairy and wool production. Economic implications of FMD Disease is rarely fatal for adults, however the milk production, fertility in females and draft power of males are severely impaired for life after recovery from disease. Usually fatal in calves. Also affects sheep, goat (usually sub-clinically and are maintenance hosts) and pigs, which are amplification hosts (multiplies the virus around 3000 fold). Etiology of FMD Caused by the Aphtho Virus from the Picornaviridae family. Transmission of FMD A highly contagious viral disease that spreads through contact, contaminated water, feed and air. The virus is present in saliva, milk, urine, and feces of infected animals. Symptoms of FMD Mouth ulcers causing reluctance to eat and drink. High fever (104°-106°F) lasting 2-6 days. Reduced milk production in cattle. Lesions and blisters between toes, causing lameness. Serious nasal discharge and excessive salivation. Vesicles may be seen on tongue, dental pad, lips, gums etc. Lesions on teat may lead to mastitis. Loss in condition may persist even after recovery. Treatment Of Foot-and-Mouth Disease : No specific treatment for FMD. Treatment is only symptomatic, the disease will run its course. Emollients may be applied on lesions to soothe pain. Contact veterinarian for suitable advice Prevention of FMD Vaccination of animals aged 4 months and above once in 6 months. Infected animals should be immediately separated since all excretions and secretions from infected animals contain the virus. All feed and fodder in contact with the infected animal should be destroyed. All equipment used should be cleaned and disinfected with 4% sodium carbonate solution or as suggested by a veterinarian. Healthy animals should not be handled by persons in contact with infected animals. The infected premises should be disinfected with 4% sodium carbonate solution or with the disinfectant suggested by a veterinarian. Vaccinating sheep, goat and pigs would control the disease to a better extend. Informing authorities promptly would enable them initiate control measures at the earliest which will help in limiting the spread of the disease. Avoid feeding milk from infected animals to calves. Strict hygiene measures, including hand sanitation before and after milking. Related resources National Dairy Development Board FMD -Clinical Signs, Its Prevention And Control - Krishi Vigyan Kendra Dimapur, ICAR Complex for NEH Region, Nagaland Centre, National Animal Disease Referral Expert System